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随着三星Oscar的上市,流畅的操作,华丽的界面,OPhone 2.0的不俗表现不禁让人眼前一亮。作为OPhone 2.0一个新特性,动态壁纸(Live Wallpapers)为用户带来了更炫体验。本文主要通过一个完整的时间壁纸(TimeWall)为大家介绍如何开发 Live Wallpapers。还没开发环境?赶紧去下载OPhone SDK 2.0吧!
1、 Live Wallpapers是什么?
在 oscar上有一个动态壁纸叫“天空草地”,用过一段时间,可以发现,随着时间的变化,壁纸的天空就会由蓝蓝青天变成繁星满天。看看效果:
为什么壁纸还有这么神奇的变化,这中间到底是什么在起作用?其实,一个 Live Wallpaper就是一个apk!也就是说,动态壁纸的实质是一个apk在后台不断地重绘壁纸,所以我们可以让小草长高,小鸟飞翔。
来看一下我们 TimeWall的AndoridManifest.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.oms.LiveWall" android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0">
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <service android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".TimeWall"
- android:permission="android.permission.BIND_WALLPAPER">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.service.wallpaper.WallpaperService" />
- </intent-filter>
- <meta-data android:name="android.service.wallpaper"
- android:resource="@xml/alive_wall" />
- </service>
- </application>
- <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" />
- </manifest>
原来如此简单,动态壁纸仅仅有一个 service就够了。其中
android:permission = "android.permission.BIND_WALLPAPER"
是让该 service有能设置为壁纸的权限,没有的话该壁纸只能被预览。
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion= "7" />
告诉我们,如果你想开发一个 live wallpaper,必须是OPhone 2.0或者更高的版本。当然这也需要手机硬件的支持。
2、怎样实现WallpaperService?
WallpaperService与其他的 service唯一的不同就是,你必须要增加一个方法onCreateEngine(),它会返回一个WallpaperService.Engine,这个engine才是负责绘制壁纸以及响应与用户交互事件的核心部件。这个service代码结构如下:
- public class TimeWall extends WallpaperService {
- public Engine onCreateEngine() {
- return new TimeEngine();
- }
- public class TimeEngine extends Engine {
- // ...more code
- }
- }
类TimeEngine才是处理壁纸的核心类,我们会在类TimeEngine中加上自己的逻辑以完成壁纸的绘制、变化以及销毁。Engine的生命周期与大多数OPhone应用程序组件,比如activity类似,都是从onCreate()开始,在销毁时调用onDestory()方法。不同的是WallpaperService会提供一个surface用来绘制壁纸,所以在生命周期中多一个onSurfaceCreated与onSurfaceDestroyed的过程。下面是一个最简生命周期:
也就是说只要我们实现上面四个方法,一个基本的LiveWallpaper就可以完成了。让我们逐个看一下这几个方法的实现。
- @Override
- public void onCreate(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
- super.onCreate(surfaceHolder);
- setTouchEventsEnabled(true);
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- }
- @Override
- public void onSurfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- super.onSurfaceCreated(holder);
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(DRAW);
- }
- @Override
- public void onSurfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- super.onSurfaceDestroyed(holder);
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- }
在 onCreate方法里,我们
setTouchEventsEnabled( true);
作用是使壁纸能响应 touch event,默认是false。TimeWall会在用户点击屏幕的时候画一个十字架,所以我们需要设置其为true。
可以看到我们在这四个方法里面做的事情非常简单,就是在 create时候发一个message,执行画面的绘制,在destory时remove这个消息。看一下mHandler的代码:
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case DRAW:
- drawWall();
- break;
- }
- }
- };
方法 drawWall():
- private void drawWall() {
- SurfaceHolder holder = getSurfaceHolder();
- Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
- drawTime(canvas);
- drawCross(canvas);
- holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(DRAW, 50);
- }
从上面可以看出,动态壁纸实际上就是不断刷新的静态壁纸,越华丽越流畅, CPU就消耗越大,对于现在的本来电量就不怎么地的智能机来说,耗电也是很可观的。但是偶尔向朋友们炫一下还是绝对可行的。drawTime()与drawCross()的内容可以由家自己实现,在TimeWall里,它们比较简单。drawTime()是计算下一处Time String应该移动到的坐标,以及画出这个String。drawCross()的作用是在用户触发onTouchEvent时画一个十字架。因为TimeWall比较简单,如果大家自己实现的画图比较复杂,可以另外开启一个线程来刷新UI,否则有可能主线程被阻塞掉。(代码见附件)
看看TimeWall的效果:
附件代码:
- package com.OPhonesdn.timewall;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import android.graphics.Canvas;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.service.wallpaper.WallpaperService;
- import android.view.MotionEvent;
- import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
- public class TimeWall extends WallpaperService {
- public Engine onCreateEngine() {
- return new TimeEngine();
- }
- public class TimeEngine extends Engine {
- private final float STEP_X = 2f;
- private final float STEP_Y = 7f;
- private final float SCOPE_LEFT = 10f;
- private final float SCOPE_RIGHT = 110f;
- private final float SCOPE_TOP = 250f;
- private final float SCOPE_BOTTOM = 600f;
- private final float RADIUS = 20f;
- private final int DIRECTION_1 = 1; // move to right top side
- private final int DIRECTION_2 = 2; // move to right bottom side
- private final int DIRECTION_3 = 3; // move to left bottom side
- private final int DIRECTION_4 = 4; // move to left top side
- private final int DRAW = 1;
- private float mTouchX = -1f;
- private float mTouchY = -1f;
- private float mLocationX = 0f;
- private float mLocationY = 400f;
- private int mDirection = 1;
- private Paint mPaint = new Paint();
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case DRAW:
- drawWall();
- break;
- }
- }
- };
- public TimeEngine() {
- mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint.setStrokeWidth(4);
- mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);
- mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint.setTextSize(40);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
- super.onCreate(surfaceHolder);
- setTouchEventsEnabled(true);
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- }
- @Override
- public void onSurfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- super.onSurfaceCreated(holder);
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(DRAW);
- }
- @Override
- public void onSurfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
- super.onSurfaceDestroyed(holder);
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- }
- @Override
- public void onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
- if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE
- || event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
- mTouchX = event.getX();
- mTouchY = event.getY();
- } else {
- mTouchX = -1;
- mTouchY = -1;
- }
- super.onTouchEvent(event);
- }
- private void drawWall() {
- SurfaceHolder holder = getSurfaceHolder();
- Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
- drawTime(canvas);
- drawCross(canvas);
- holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
- mHandler.removeMessages(DRAW);
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(DRAW, 50);
- }
- private void drawTime(Canvas c) {
- Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- String strDate = sdf.format(date);
- c.save();
- c.drawColor(0xff000000);
- c.drawText(strDate, mLocationX, mLocationY, mPaint);
- switch (mDirection) {
- case DIRECTION_1:
- mLocationX = mLocationX + STEP_X;
- mLocationY = mLocationY - STEP_Y;
- if (mLocationY <= SCOPE_TOP) {
- mDirection = DIRECTION_2;
- }
- break;
- case DIRECTION_2:
- mLocationX = mLocationX + STEP_X;
- mLocationY = mLocationY + STEP_Y;
- if (mLocationX >= SCOPE_RIGHT) {
- mDirection = DIRECTION_3;
- }
- break;
- case DIRECTION_3:
- mLocationX = mLocationX - STEP_X;
- mLocationY = mLocationY + STEP_Y;
- if (mLocationY >= SCOPE_BOTTOM) {
- mDirection = DIRECTION_4;
- }
- break;
- case DIRECTION_4:
- mLocationX = mLocationX - STEP_X;
- mLocationY = mLocationY - STEP_Y;
- if (mLocationX <= SCOPE_LEFT) {
- mDirection = DIRECTION_1;
- }
- break;
- }
- c.restore();
- }
- private void drawCross(Canvas c) {
- if (mTouchX >= 0 && mTouchY >= 0) {
- c.drawLine(mTouchX - RADIUS, mTouchY, mTouchX + RADIUS,
- mTouchY, mPaint);
- c.drawLine(mTouchX, mTouchY - RADIUS, mTouchX,
- mTouchY + RADIUS, mPaint);
- }
- }
- }
- }